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--- os:armbian [12.05.2019 07:03] – [Безопасное извлечение USB-дисков] viacheslav
+++ os:armbian [30.07.2024 19:21] (текущий) – внешнее изменение 127.0.0.1
@@ Строка 1: / Строка 1: @@
+====== Armbian ======
+[[https://www.armbian.com/|Сайт дистрибутива]], [[https://docs.armbian.com/User-Guide_Getting-Started|Быстрый старт]], [[https://docs.armbian.com/User-Guide_Getting-Started/#how-to-install-to-emmc-nand-sata-usb|Как установить Armbian на внутреннюю память (EMMC)]]
+<code bash>
+# Настроить Wi-fi
+nmtui-connect
+# Настроить локаль
+dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
+# Timezone
+dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
+</code>
+Учётка по умолчанию:\\
+root\\
+Orange Pi One: https://www.armbian.com/orange-pi-one/, качать Armbian Noble (CLI)\\
+===== Мониторинг =====
+==== RPi-Monitor ====
+[[http://www.cnx-software.com/2016/03/17/rpi-monitor-is-a-web-based-remote-monitor-for-arm-development-boards-such-as-raspberry-pi-and-orange-pi/|RPi-Monitor]], cсылка для просмотра в браузере: http://address:8888.
+<code bash>
+# Остановить сервис
+systemctl stop rpimonitor
+</code>
+==== Armbianmonitor ====
+<code bash>armbianmonitor -r # установка
+armbianmonitor -b # switches between verbose and normal boot
+armbianmonitor -c # /path/to/test performs disk health/performance tests
+armbianmonitor -d # tries to upload debug disk info to improve armbianmonitor
+armbianmonitor -m # provides simple CLI monitoring
+armbianmonitor -p # tries to install cpuminer for performance measurements
+armbianmonitor -r # tries to install RPi-Monitor
+armbianmonitor -u # tries to upload armhwinfo.log for support purposes</code>
+===== h3consumption - регулировка энергопотребления =====
+Входит в дистрибутив для процессоров H3.
+<code bash>
+# Вывести справку
+h3consumption -H
+# Исходные показатели
+h3consumption -p
+# Примерный вывод:
+# cpu       640 mhz allowed, 1296 mhz possible, 4 cores active
+# dram      624 mhz
+# hdmi/gpu  active
+# usb ports active
+# eth0      100Mb/s/Full, Link: yes
+# wlan0     unassociated
+# Выключить HDMI, проц до 1008 ГГц, оставить 2 ядра, память до 408 МГц ===
+h3consumption -g off -m 1008 -c 2 -d 408
+</code>
+===== Добавить поддержку exFAT =====
+<code bash>
+sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils
+</code>
+<WRAP round info 60%>
+The exfat-utils package also contains a “mkfs.exfat” command. You can use this command to format partitions with the exFAT file system from Linux, if you like.
+</WRAP>
+[[https://www.howtogeek.com/235655/how-to-mount-and-use-an-exfat-drive-on-linux/|How to Mount and Use an exFAT Drive on Linux]]
+===== Добавить внешнюю SDCard =====
+<code bash>
+# вывести список дисков
+fdisk -l
+# подключить нужный
+fdisk /dev/mmcblk1
+</code>
+Сделать разделы (опция n), по окончании записать изменения (опция w).
+Cоздать файловую систему ext4 на нужном разделе
+<code bash>
+mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk1p1
+</code>
+Монтирование
+<code bash>
+# сделать папку для монтирования
+mkdir /media/sdcard
+# смонтировать раздел в созданный каталог
+mount /dev/mmcblk1p1 /media/sdcard
+</code>
+Прописать раздел в [[http://help.ubuntu.ru/wiki/fstab#%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0_fstab|файл fstab]], если раздел нужно всё время держать смонтированным
+<code bash>
+nano /etc/fstab
+</code>
+Пример конфигурации:
+<code>
+# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
+  /dev/sda1     /media/usb8gb   ext4    rw              0       0
+</code>
+===== Безопасное извлечение USB-дисков =====
+<code bash>
+# Установить udisks2:
+apt-get install udisks2
+# После размонтирования диска (umount), безопасно извлечь диск:
+udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sdb
+</code>
+===== Резервное копирование =====
+ Typically you want to take a backup of a root filesystem that is not live. That means either booting from other media or moving the media for the root filesystem to some other computer. And then copy the not-live root filesystem. Either using rsync or using disk imaging.
+But often a full backup is not needed. All that is needed may be to backup the configuration and be able to restore it. Often that means just /etc.
+There are desktop tools to backup live root filesystems, and restore them, that greatly reduce the need for a full system backup. [[https://github.com/teejee2008/timeshift|Timeshift]] is one example. I run it on my Ubuntu laptop. You run Timeshift before an upgrade to make a new snapshot of the root filesystem. If something goes wrong you can use Timeshift to revert back and reboot to the state of the system from before the upgrade. Timeshift is mainly based on rsync, but also uses some "tricks" to more fully be able to restore things like /boot and mbr.
+I would welcome the addition of a similar functionality to armbian-config. To be able to update system snapshots and to restore them at will.
+https://forum.armbian.com/topic/8577-how-to-take-full-backup/?tab=comments#comment-65185
+Дополнительно: https://forum.armbian.com/topic/1331-armbian-sd-card-backup/
+===== i3 window manager =====
+Один из легковесных вариантов оболочки.
+https://i3wm.org/ | https://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6km4tYTwfwA
+===== Решение проблем =====
+==== Synaptic - unable to lock download directory ====
+При попытке обновить пакеты
+<code>
+E: Could not open lock file /var/cache/apt/archives/lock - open (2: No such file or directory)
+E: Could not open file descriptor -1
+E: Unable to lock the download directory
+</code>
+Решение
+<code bash>
+sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/apt/archives/partial
+sudo touch /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
+sudo chmod 640 /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
+</code>