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--- service:letsencrypt [20.07.2022 08:47] – [Создание сертификата для HAProxy средствами Certbot] viacheslav
+++ service:letsencrypt [22.05.2025 11:12] (текущий) – [Docker] viacheslav
@@ Строка 1: / Строка 1: @@
+====== Let's encrypt ======
+Сервис по выдаче и автоматическому обновлению бесплатных SSL-сертификатов. Для Windows пока нет стандартной процедуры, но есть [[https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/list-of-client-implementations/2103|сторонние разработки]].
+===== Установка =====
+[[https://certbot.eff.org/#ubuntuxenial-apache|Вариант для Apache on Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial)]]
+Чтобы сделать сертификат для домена, отличающегося от имени сервера, запустить certbot с параметром ''%%--domain%%'', например
+<code bash>
+certbot --apache --domain test.example.org
+</code>
+===== Настройка автообновления =====
+Проверять актуальность сертификата и обновлять при необходимости каждый день в 8:00 и 20:00.
+<code bash>
+nano /etc/crontab
+</code>
+Добавить туда
+<code>
+8,20 * * * root letsencrypt renew
+</code>
+===== Для Haproxy =====
+Штука в том, что порты 80 и 443 заняты, и certbot должен работать на другом порту (здесь: 54321). Помимо этого, нужно настроить Haproxy на проброс его URL на localhost сервера Haproxy. Затем необходимо слепить сертификат с ключом в единый .pem и положить их в каталог, куда Haproxy смотрит.
+<file bash /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg>
+# На фронтенде :80
+  # Let's Encrypt URL
+  acl letsencrypt_url path_beg /.well-known/acme-challenge/
+  # Не пробрасывать на HTTPS
+  http-request redirect scheme https if !{ ssl_fc } !no-https-domains !letsencrypt_url
+  # Let's Encrypt backend
+  use_backend be_letsencrypt if letsencrypt_url
+# Бэкенд
+  backend be_letsencrypt
+    server letsencrypt 127.0.0.1:54321
+</file>
+<code bash>
+# Получить сертификат для example.com и www.example.com
+certbot certonly --standalone --preferred-challenges http-01 --http-01-port 54321 --keep --agree-tos --expand -m ssl@example.com -d example.com -d www.example.com
+:'
+Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
+Requesting a certificate for example.com and www.example.com
+Successfully received certificate.
+Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem
+Key is saved at:         /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem
+This certificate expires on 2022-08-18.
+These files will be updated when the certificate renews.
+Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
+ * Donating to ISRG / Let`s Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
+ * Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+'
+</code>
+<WRAP round info>
+"Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background."\\
+Если Certbot установлен через snap, то вместо cron он добавляет задачи на обновление сертификата в systemd timer. Посмотреть:
+<code bash>
+systemctl list-timers
+</code>
+</WRAP>
+https://eff-certbot.readthedocs.io/en/stable/using.html#automated-renewals\\
+[[https://habr.com/ru/company/ruvds/blog/512868/|Использование таймеров systemd вместо заданий cron]]
+<file bash /scripts/concat-certs-for-haproxy.sh>
+#!/bin/bash
+LE_CERT_DIR=/etc/letsencrypt/live
+HAPROXY_CERT_DIR=/etc/ssl/certs/haproxy
+# Cat the certificate chain and the private key together for haproxy
+for path in $(find $LE_CERT_DIR/* -type d -exec basename {} \;); do
+  cat $LE_CERT_DIR/$path/{fullchain.pem,privkey.pem} > $HAPROXY_CERT_DIR/${path}.pem
+done
+</file>
+https://certbot.eff.org/instructions?ws=haproxy&os=ubuntufocal\\
+https://eff-certbot.readthedocs.io/en/stable/using.html#certbot-command-line-options\\
+https://gist.github.com/lmmendes/7fad9a2c8f389b39b6661d0945b72cb7\\
+https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-secure-haproxy-with-let-s-encrypt-on-ubuntu-14-04\\
+https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-certbot-standalone-mode-to-retrieve-let-s-encrypt-ssl-certificates-on-ubuntu-20-04
+==== Выпуск сертификата для HAProxy ====
+<file bash /scripts/haproxy-cert-issue.sh>
+#!/bin/bash
+for d in "$@"; do
+        domains+="-d $d "
+done
+certbot certonly --standalone --preferred-challenges http-01 --http-01-port 54321 --keep --agree-tos --expand -m ssl@example.com $domains && \
+cat /etc/letsencrypt/live/$1/{fullchain.pem,privkey.pem} > /etc/ssl/certs/haproxy/$1.pem && \
+systemctl reload haproxy
+</file>
+Использование:
+<code bash>
+chmod u+x /scripts/haproxy-cert-issue.sh
+# Файл сертификата будет назван по имени первого аргумента (/etc/ssl/certs/haproxy/example.com.pem)
+# Все аргументы будут добавлены в команду как домены (-d example.com -d www.example.com и т. д.)
+/scripts/haproxy-cert-issue.sh example.com www.example.com example2.com www.example2.com
+</code>
+==== Перевыпуск сертификата для HAProxy (автомат) ====
+<file bash /etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/deploy/make-pem-for-haproxy.sh>
+#!/bin/bash
+cat $RENEWED_LINEAGE/{fullchain.pem,privkey.pem} > /etc/ssl/certs/haproxy/$(basename $RENEWED_LINEAGE).pem
+# --deploy-hook DEPLOY_HOOK
+#    Command to be run in a shell once for each
+#    successfully issued certificate. For this command, the
+#    shell variable $RENEWED_LINEAGE will point to the
+#    config live subdirectory (for example,
+#    "/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com") containing the
+#    new certificates and keys; the shell variable
+#    $RENEWED_DOMAINS will contain a space-delimited list
+#    of renewed certificate domains (for example,
+#    "example.com www.example.com") (default: None)
+</file>
+Перезапуск HAProxy
+<code bash>
+### /scripts/haproxy-reload-if-new-certs.sh
+#!/bin/bash
+if [[ $(find /etc/ssl/certs/haproxy/* -mtime -1) ]]
+then
+systemctl reload haproxy.service
+fi
+# to cron
+echo -e "\n# Reload HAProxy if there are new certs\n0 3\t* * *\troot\t/scripts/haproxy-reload-if-new-certs.sh" >> /etc/crontab
+</code>
+===== Для Cisco ASA =====
+Сама она не умеет (asa5545X). Сетевики должны прокинуть на ней 80-й порт на внутренний/DMZ-сервер, завести отдельную учётку и разрешить для этой учётки некоторые команды и вход на ASA по ssh.
+Далее всё делается на сервере.
+<code bash>
+# Необходимо установить certbot и expect для автоматизации работы с Cisco через ssh.
+sudo snap install --classic certbot
+sudo apt install expect -y
+# Выпустить сертификат
+certbot certonly --standalone --preferred-challenges http-01 --keep --agree-tos --expand -m ssl@example.com -d vpn.example.com
+</code>
+Конфиг состоит из 3 файлов.
+<code bash>
+# скрипт, выполняющийся при обновлении сертификата
+touch /etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/deploy/vpncert-asa.sh
+chmod 700 /etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/deploy/vpncert-asa.sh
+# скрипт expect
+touch /scripts/vpncert-install.exp
+chmod 700 /scripts/vpncert-install.exp
+# пароль экспорта сертификата для openssl
+touch /scripts/vpncert-asa.txt
+chmod 600 /scripts/vpncert-asa.txt
+# Записать пароль в файл пароля
+nano /scripts/vpncert-asa.txt
+</code>
+<file bash /etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/deploy/vpncert-asa.sh>
+#!/bin/bash
+openssl pkcs12 -export \
+-password file:/scripts/vpncert-asa.txt \
+-in $RENEWED_LINEAGE/fullchain.pem \
+-inkey $RENEWED_LINEAGE/privkey.pem \
+-out /root/gate.pfx && \
+openssl base64 -in /root/gate.pfx -out /root/gate.base64 && \
+/scripts/vpncert-install.exp
+</file>
+<file tcl /scripts/vpncert-install.exp>
+#!/usr/bin/expect -f
+set timeout 5
+set send_slow {10 .001}
+set sshUser "sshuser"
+set sshIP "192.168.1.254"
+set sshPass "sshPass12345"
+set exportPass [exec cat /scripts/vpncert-asa.txt]
+#set log "/root/vpncert.log"
+#log_file -noappend $log
+#log_user 0
+spawn ssh -o KexAlgorithms=+diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 -o HostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-rsa -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $sshUser@$sshIP
+expect "password:"
+send -- "$sshPass\r"
+expect ">"
+send -- "enable\r"
+expect "Password:"
+send -- "$sshPass\r"
+expect "#"
+#log_user 1
+send -- "configure terminal\r"
+expect "(config)#"
+send -- "no crypto ca trustpoint ca_le\r"
+expect {
+  "]:" {send -- "yes\r"; exp_continue}
+  "(config)#"
+}
+send -- "crypto ca trustpoint ca_le\r"
+expect "trustpoint)#"
+send -- "enrollment terminal\r"
+expect "#"
+send -- "exit\r"
+expect "(config)#"
+#log_user 0
+send -- "crypto ca import ca_le pkcs12 $exportPass\r"
+expect "itself:"
+send -- [exec cat /root/gate.base64]\n
+send -s "quit\r"
+# % The CA cert is not self-signed.
+# % Do you also want to create trustpoints for CAs higher in the hierarchy? [yes/no]:
+# OR
+# % You already have RSA or ECDSA keys named ca_le.
+# % If you replace them, all device certs issued using these keys
+# % will be removed.
+# % Do you really want to replace them? [yes/no]:
+expect {
+  "]:" {send -- "yes\r"; exp_continue}
+  "(config)#"
+}
+#log_user 1
+send -- "ssl trust-point ca_le outside\r"
+expect "(config)#"
+send -- "exit\r"
+expect "#"
+send -- "exit\r"
+expect eof
+</file>
+++++ Пример выполнения скрипта |
+<code>
+spawn ssh -o KexAlgorithms=+diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 -o HostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-rsa -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no sshuser@192.168.1.254
+sshuser@192.168.1.254's password:
+User sshuser logged in to gate
+Logins over the last 91 days: 54.  Last login: 11:39:24 MSK Jan 9 2023 from 192.168.1.100
+Failed logins since the last login: 0.
+Type help or '?' for a list of available commands.
+gate> enable
+Password: **********
+gate# configure terminal
+gate(config)# no crypto ca trustpoint ca_le
+WARNING: Removing an enrolled trustpoint will destroy all
+certificates received from the related Certificate Authority.
+Are you sure you want to do this? [yes/no]: yes
+INFO: Be sure to ask the CA administrator to revoke your certificates.
+gate(config)# crypto ca trustpoint ca_le
+gate(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment terminal
+gate(config-ca-trustpoint)# exit
+gate(config)# crypto ca import ca_le pkcs12 verySecretPassword12345
+Enter the base 64 encoded pkcs12.
+End with the word "quit" on a line by itself:
+MIIWzwIBAzCCFoUGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCFnYEghZyMIIWbjCCEOIGCSqGSIb3DQEH
+BqCCENMwghDPAgEAMIIQyAYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMFcGCSqGSIb3DQEFDTBKMCkGCSqG
+...
+dt/zTsIeIqQq05PLFpOTIzBBMDEwDQYJYIZIAWUDBAIBBQAEIMyVqqTQhaaqlHOH
+D3XnctPJR1TYytiVRCaVWuZHz+G0BAiEKmqw9Y6C4AICCAA=
+quit
+% You already have RSA or ECDSA keys named ca_le.
+% If you replace them, all device certs issued using these keys
+% will be removed.
+% Do you really want to replace them? [yes/no]: yes
+Trustpoint 'ca_le' is a subordinate CA and holds a non self-signed certificate.
+Trustpoint CA certificate accepted.
+WARNING: CA certificates can be used to validate VPN connections,
+by default.  Please adjust the validation-usage of this
+trustpoint to limit the validation scope, if necessary.
+INFO: Import PKCS12 operation completed successfully.
+gate(config)# ssl trust-point ca_le outside
+gate(config)# exit
+gate# exit
+Logoff
+Connection to 192.168.1.254 closed by remote host.
+Connection to 192.168.1.254 closed.
+</code>
+++++
+[[https://linux.die.net/man/1/expect|expect(1)]]\\
+[[https://likegeeks.com/expect-command/|Expect command and how to automate shell scripts like magic]]\\
+[[https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security-vpn/public-key-infrastructure-pki/200339-Configure-ASA-SSL-Digital-Certificate-I.html#anc15|SSL Certificate Installation on the ASA: Installation of a PEM Certificate with the CLI]]\\
+===== Docker =====
+<code bash>
+mkdir -p $HOME/home/certbot/conf $HOME/home/certbot/work $HOME/home/certbot/logs
+port=54321
+docker run -it --rm --name certbot -u $(id -u):$(id -g) \
+-v "$HOME/home/certbot/conf:/tmp/conf" \
+-v "$HOME/home/certbot/work:/tmp/work" \
+-v "$HOME/home/certbot/logs:/tmp/logs" \
+-p $port:$port certbot/certbot \
+certonly --test-cert --standalone --preferred-challenges http-01 --http-01-port $port \
+--config-dir /tmp/conf --work-dir /tmp/work --logs-dir /tmp/logs \
+--keep --agree-tos --no-eff-email --expand -m email@example.com -d example.com
+</code>
+https://hub.docker.com/r/certbot/certbot\\
+[[https://www.conproly.com/blogs/20180920-running-haproxy-and-lets-encrypt-on-docker/|Running HAProxy and Let's Encrypt on Docker]]\\
+[[https://vaiti.io/ssl-sertifikaty-lets-encrypt-i-docker/|SSL-сертификаты, Let's Encrypt и Docker]]\\
+https://eff-certbot.readthedocs.io/en/stable/using.html#certbot-command-line-options