Apache

Включить HTTP/2

HTTP/2 поддерживается Апачем начиная с версии 2.4.17.

# Проверить версию Апача
apache2 -v
# Активировать поддержку HTTP/2
sudo a2enmod http2
# Добавить строки в соответствующие конфиги
# (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled, /etc/apache2/sites-available):
# Для <VirtualHost *:80> ... </VirtualHost>
Protocols h2c http/1.1
# Для <VirtualHost *:443> ... </VirtualHost>
Protocols h2 http/1.1
# Перезапустить Апач
service apache2 restart
 
# Перечень загруженных модулей
apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES

https://dmitriyilichev.com/perehod-na-http-2-ubuntu-apache/

Тесты:
https://tools.keycdn.com/http2-test
https://www.dareboost.com/en/website-speed-test-http2-vs-http1

В Apache 2.4.18 есть баг:

a2enmod http2

ERROR: Module http2 does not exist!

Решение:

apt-get install libnghttp2-dev
mkdir apache2
cd apache2
apt-get source apache2
apt-get build-dep apache2
cd apache-2.4.18
# apt-get install fakeroot
fakeroot debian/rules binary
cp debian/apache2-bin/usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_http2.so /usr/lib/apache2/modules/
touch /etc/apache2/mods-available/http2.load
echo 'LoadModule http2_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_http2.so' > /etc/apache2/mods-available/http2.load
a2enmod http2

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apache2/+bug/1543572

Apache 2.4.27, HTTP/2 not supported in prefork

Starting from Apache 2.4.27, the Apache MPM (Multi-Processing Module) prefork no longer supports HTTP/2. This will be indicated in your Apache error log as follows:

AH10034: The mpm module (prefork.c) is not supported by mod_http2. The mpm determines how things are processed in your server. HTTP/2 has more demands in this regard and the currently selected mpm will just not do. This is an advisory warning. Your server will continue to work, but the HTTP/2 protocol will be inactive.

To fix this, select a different MPM: event or worker. We highly recommend you to use the event prefork. If you are using PHP, it is likely that PHP is integrated to Apache via the mod_php module, which requires the prefork MPM. If you switch out from preform MPM, you will need to use PHP as FastCGI. To switch to php-fpm, you can do as folllwing. Please note that this assumes you have PHP installed from ondrej/php repository on Ubuntu. The PHP package names could be different in other repositories. Change package name and apt-get commands to match your PHP vendor and package manager.

apachectl stop
apt-get install php7.1-fpm # Install the php-fpm from your PHP repository. This package name depends on the vendor.
a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif
a2enconf php7.1-fpm # Again, this depends on your PHP vendor.
a2dismod php7.1 # This disables mod_php.
a2dismod mpm_prefork # This disables the prefork MPM. Only one MPM can run at a time.
a2enmod mpm_event # Enable event MPM. You could also enable mpm_worker.
apachectl start

https://http2.pro/doc/Apache

Case-insensitive URIs

Redirect a URI to an all-lowercase version of itself

# Add RewriteMap for redirecting to lowercase URIs
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteMap lc int:tolower
RewriteRule "(.*)" "${lc:$1}" [R]
</IfModule>

Please note that the example offered here is for illustration purposes only, and is not a recommendation. If you want to make URLs case-insensitive, consider using mod_speling instead.

https://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/rewrite/rewritemap.html

mod_speling:

a2enmod speling
 
nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
 
<IfModule mod_speling.c>
CheckSpelling On
CheckCaseOnly On
</IfModule>
 
systemctl restart apache2

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3450032/apache-mod-speling-case-insensitive-urls-issue
https://support.plesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360000125574-How-to-avoid-case-sensitive-URLs-

Перенаправление

https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/rewrite/remapping.html

/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

# Неполный адрес в полный
<If "%{HTTP_HOST} != 'wiki.domain.ru'">
    Redirect "/" "http://wiki.domain.ru/"
</If>

В HTML-файле:

<html>
        <head>
                <!-- Относительный редирект на URL -->
                <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=./zabbix" />
        </head>
</html>

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37752440/relative-redirect-using-meta-http-equiv-refresh-with-gh-pages
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5411538/redirect-from-an-html-page

OCSP Stapling

# Edit your site’s VirtualHost SSL configuration.
# Add the following line INSIDE the <VirtualHost></VirtualHost> block:
SSLUseStapling on
 
# Add the following line OUTSIDE the <VirtualHost></VirtualHost> block:
SSLStaplingCache shmcb:/tmp/stapling_cache(128000)
 
# Check the configuration for errors with the Apache Control service.
Apachectl -t
 
# Reload the Apache service.
service apache2 reload

https://www.digicert.com/kb/ssl-support/apache-enable-ocsp-stapling-on-server.htm

Tomcat

---
# Простой запуск в докере
# docker run --rm --name tomcat -p 8080:8080 -v ./sample.war:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/sample.war tomcat:jre11

services:
  tomcat:
    image: tomcat:jre11
    container_name: tomcat
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
    volumes:
      - ./sample.war:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/sample.war

Доступ к приложению - http://localhost:8080/sample

https://hub.docker.com/_/tomcat
https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-10.1-doc/appdev/sample/ (тестовое приложение)

Показать версию

docker exec -it tomcat bash -c '/usr/local/tomcat/bin/version.sh'

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14925073/tomcat-how-to-find-out-running-tomcat-version